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中国沙漠 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 239-253.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00172

• • 上一篇    

库布齐沙漠西缘格状沙丘动态特征及其成因

管超1,2(), 武子丰3, 哈斯额尔敦3()   

  1. 1.沈阳大学 师范学院/碳中和技术与政策研究所,辽宁 沈阳 110044
    2.东北地质科技创新中心,辽宁 沈阳 110044
    3.北京师范大学 地理科学学部,北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-06 修回日期:2023-12-14 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 哈斯额尔敦
  • 作者简介:哈斯额尔敦(E-mail: hasi@bnu.edu.cn
    管超(1989—),男,辽宁沈阳人,博士,主要从事干旱区风沙地貌研究。E-mail: gc471603869@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42101017);中国地质调查局东北地质科技创新中心区创基金项目(QCJJ2022-23)

Dynamic characteristics and genesis of reticulate dunes on the western fringe of the Hobq Desert

Chao Guan1,2(), Zifeng Wu3, Hasi Eerdun3()   

  1. 1.Normal College / Institute of Carbon Neutrality Technology and Policy,Shenyang University,Shenyang 110044,China
    2.Northeast Geological S & T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey,Shenyang 110044,China
    3.Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
  • Received:2023-10-06 Revised:2023-12-14 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-19
  • Contact: Hasi Eerdun

摘要:

利用高分辨率影像,分析了库布齐沙漠西缘地区格状沙丘及沙丘场的迁移与形态变化,并结合区域气象数据探讨其动力机制及演变过程。结果表明:2003—2012年格状沙丘的主梁由顺直变为向东凸出,部分位置出现断裂形成缺口,同时主梁局部弯曲较大与相邻副梁相连形成“长沙脊”;2012—2020年,主梁变形幅度减小,部分位置变为顺直,但沙丘表面出现了新的小型副梁。迁移速率上,主梁从2003—2012年的4.66 m·a-1下降到2012—2020年的3.74 m·a-1,而副梁从2003—2012年的5.00 m·a-1上升到2012—2020年的5.70 m·a-1。2003—2012年副梁整体向东延伸, 2012—2020年副梁向东延伸的同时向南摆动。这种形态变化和迁移特征的原因主要在于区域风况的变化,即2003—2020年研究区风况逐渐由西风为主的单一风况过渡到北风、西风和西南风共存的多风向风况。次风向的增强使得沙丘的发育模式由横向沙丘转为主副梁共同发育,这使得主梁迎风坡发育新的小型副梁,副梁的出现改变沙丘迎风坡的气流结构,进而改变主梁的形态。从1970年至今,库布齐沙漠西缘格状沙丘迁移与形态变化主要原因在于风况的转变,即区域风况由中风能-钝双峰型(1970—1979年)变为低风能-锐双峰型或低风能-宽单峰型(1980—2009年),再变为中风能-锐双峰型(2010—2020年)。风况的变化改变了格状沙丘的发育模式,进而影响其迁移和形变特征,这说明格状沙丘主副梁的发育需要多风向作用来维持,区域风况是格状沙丘形变的主要因素。

关键词: 格状沙丘, 库布齐沙漠, 沙丘形态参数

Abstract:

Based on high-resolution images of the western fringe of the Hobq Desert, the migration and morphological changes of the reticulate dunes and dune fields in the region were analyzed, and their dynamic mechanism and evolutionary process were explored in combination with regional meteorological data. The study showed that from 2003 to 2012, the primary ridges of the reticulate dunes rose straight eastward, and some parts of them fractured to form gaps. At the same time, the primary ridges were locally curved and connected to adjacent secondary ridges to form a "long sand ridge". From 2012 to 2020, the primary ridges deformation decreased with some positions becoming straight, but new small secondary ridges appeared on the surface. In terms of migration rate, the primary ridges decreased from 4.66 m·a-1 between 2003-2012 to 3.74 m·a-1 between 2012-2020, and the secondary ridges increased from 5 m·a-1 between 2003-2012 to 5.70 m·a-1 between 2012-2020. In addition, from 2003 to 2012, the secondary ridges extended eastward as a whole, and during 2012-2020, the secondary uplift extended eastward and southward. The morphological changes and migration characteristics were mainly affected by regional wind condition changes. That is, the wind regime in the study area gradually transitioned from a single wind regime dominated by westerly winds from 2003 to 2020 to a multi-wind regime with the coexistence of northerly, westerly and southwesterly winds. The enhancement of the secondary wind direction has caused the development pattern of the sand dunes to shift from transverse dunes to the co-development of primary and secondary ridges with new small secondary ridges developing on the stoss slope of the primary ridges. The development of secondary ridges changes the airflow structure of the stoss slope of the sand dunes, thus altering the morphology of the primary ridges. Wind regime changes were the main reason for the migration and morphological changes in the west fringe of the Hobq Desert, that is, the regional wind condition changed from moderate wind energy from 1970 to 1979 with the wind direction concentrating in two or more obtuse angles to low wind energy from 1980 to 2009 with the wind direction concentrating in two or more acute angles or distributing in one wide direction. From 2012 to 2020, the regional wind condition becomes a medium wind energy with the wind direction concentrated in two or more acute angles. Changes in wind conditions altered development mode of the reticulate dunes, which in turn affect their migration and deformation characteristics, indicating that the development of the reticulate dunes requires the maintenance of multiple wind directions. The regional condition are the main factors in the formation of the reticulate dunes.

Key words: reticulate dune, the Hobq Desert, dune morphology parameter

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